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Jordan
Tourism Guide
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Hashemites
The history
of modern Jordan is synonymous with that of its founding
dynasty, the Hashemites. The Hashemites are so called after
the great-grandfather of the Prophet Mohammed, who belonged
to the noblest Arab tribe, the Quraish of Mecca. They are
descended from Mohammed's daughter Fatima through his
grandson AL-Hassan. They ruled Mecca and often the whole
Hejaz for the millennium from the time of Al-Hassan to the
time of Sharif Hussein Ibn Ali. The Grand Sharif Hussein Ibn
Ali (1852-1933), lead the Arab Revolt against Turkish
occupation in 1916. In 1921 Abdullah established the Emirate
of Jordan. He was succeeded in 1951 by his eldest son, Talal
(1909-1972), but illness tragically cut short the latter's
reign. Thus on the 11 Aug. 1952 the crown of Jordan devolved
upon his seventeen year old son, Emir Hussein. And on 2 May
1953, when according to the Muslim Lunar Calendar, the young
King attained authority on his 18th birthday.
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King Hussein
In a reign of over forty years, King Hussein
has been an outstanding and courageous leader. This period has
witnessed enormous changes not only in Jordan, but also in the
Middle East at large. King Hussein, who has gripped the reins
of leadership ever since his accession, has steered Jordan on
a positive course towards development and stability. The path
through many of the Middle East's most trying ordeals, has put
the king at considerable risk. Yet even in the most difficult
circumstances his leadership has been firm and fair. Jordan's
relatively small population look on their king as a
father-figure; a man striving to follow his chosen path,
serving the best interests of the nation.
His Majesty King Hussein bin Talal was born in Amman 14
November 1935 to the crown Prince Talal bin Abdullah and
Princess Zein Al-Sharaf bint Jamil. King Hussein completed his
elementary education in Amman, and received his secondary
education at Victoria College in Alexandria-Egypt and at
Harrow School in England. He was proclaimed King of the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 11 August 1952. A Regency
Council was appointed until King Hussein's formal accession to
the throne on 2 May 1953, when he came of age. During that
interim period King Hussein attended the Royal Military
Academy in Sandhurst, England, where he received his military
education. Over his 40 plus year reign, King Hussein has
successfully guided Jordan through several regional crises,
the most important of which was the June 1967 War, which left
Israel in occupation of the West Bank of Jordan and East
Jerusalem including the Old City. (The East and West Banks of
Jordan had been united together by mutual consent after the
1948-1949 Arab Israeli War, pending the final resolution of
the Palestinian Problem). King Hussein continued to defend the
integrity and sovereignty of Jordan when an Israeli attempt to
invade the East Bank of the Jordan River was repulsed at the
Battle of Karameh on 21 March 1968. Two years later, in
September 1970, King Hussein succeeded in ending the
subversive and destabilizing activities of various guerrilla
factions based in Jordan. King Hussein was subsequently
instrumental in drafting UN Security Council Resolution 242,
which calls for an Israeli withdrawal from all lands captured
in the June 1967 war in exchange for peace. This resolution
serves as the basis for all the current peace negotiations.
King Hussein has always been committed to peace through
diplomatic resolution of conflicts rather than the use of
armed force. Recently, during the Gulf Crisis of 1990-1991,
King Hussein repeatedly attempted to mediate a peaceful
solution to the conflict. Since the June 1967 War, King
Hussein has worked incessantly to convene an international
peace conference in order to implement a just, comprehensive
and lasting peace in the region based on UN Security Council
Resolutions 242 and 338. King Hussein played a pivotal role in
the convening of the Madrid Peace Conference in October 1991
not only by committing Jordan to the peace process but also by
providing an umbrella for the Palestinian people to negotiate
their future as part of a joint Jordanian -Palestinian
delegation. King Hussein has also presided over the
transformation of his country from a tribal and nomadic
society still under British Colonial influence, to a fully
modern state with a complete internal infrastructure and
literacy and education levels that are among the highest in
the developing world. King Hussein is committed to popular
consultation and participation in government as well as
respect for human rights throughout the Arab small world.
Jordan today is internationally recognized as having the most
exemplary human rights conditions in the region. In 1989,
Jordan held its first full and free parliamentary elections
since 1967. Soon thereafter, King Hussein appointed a Royal
Commission representing the entire spectrum of Jordanian
political thought to draft a national charter that would
establish the framework for democracy and political pluralism
in the country. The National Charter was ratified by King
Hussein in June 1991. King Hussein married Her Majesty Queen
Noor Al-Hussein on 15 June 1978. They have four children:
Prince Hamzah (Born 29 March 1980), Prince Hashem (Born 10
June 1981), Princess Iman (Born 24 April 1982) and Princess
Rayah (Born 9 February 1986). King Hussein has also seven
children from previous marriages: Princess Alia (Born 13
February 1956); Prince Abdullah (Born 30 January 1962); Prince
Faisal (Born 11 October 1963); Twins Princess Zein and
Princess Aisha (Born 23 April 1968); Princess Haya (Born 3 May
1974); Prince Ali (Born 23 December 1975). In addition King
Hussein has an adopted daughter, Abir Muhaisen and a number of
grandchildren. King Hussein is an accomplished sportsman in
the fields of water sports, karate, fencing, skiing and
tennis. His other hobbies include flying, motorcycling,
race-car driving, and amateur ham radio. He reads extensively
on political affairs, history, international law, military
science and aviation. King Hussein holds a large number of
decorations from Arab and other countries. Many books have
been written about King Hussein and his policies. He himself,
has written three books : Uneasy lies the Head (1962) about
his childhood and early years as King, My War with Israel
(1962) and Mon Metier de Roi (1975). King Hussein died on the
7th of February 1999.
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Constitution
The Constitution of Jordan was promulgated
in 1952, and later amended on several occasions. It maintains
that Jordan is a hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary
system. The constitution stipulates that the Monarch should be
a direct descendant of King Abdullah Ibn Hussein, founder of
the Kingdom. The King ratifies and issues laws and
regulations, he appoints the Prime Minister and other
ministers upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The
constitution of Jordan incorporates a Bill of Rights
guaranteeing the personal equality of all Jordanians and their
equal right to equal opportunities in matters of religion and
freedom of speech.
The Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was
promulgated on 8 January 1952 and has since been amended to
meet changing requirements of the Kingdom. Executive authority
resides in the Monarch. The Monarchy is hereditary, the crown
being passed by the King to his eldest son, although the king
may, at his discretion, nominate one of his brothers as Heir
Apparent. The constitution stipulates that the Monarch should
be a direct descendant of King Abdullah Bin Hussein, founder
of the Kingdom. Prince Hassan, the younger brother of King
Hussein's two brothers, was proclaimed Crown Prince of the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 1 April 1965. The King attains
his majority at the age of eighteen, calculated according to
the Lunar Calendar. If the heir Apparent accedes to the throne
before he is eighteen, a Regent or a Regency Council exercises
power on his behalf until he comes to age. If the King is
incapacitated or is absent from the Kingdom, he appoints a
Regent or a Regency Council to exercises power as prescribed
in the Royal Decree of Appointment. If the King is absent for
more than four months, Parliament must be convened to consider
the situation.
Constitutional Oath:
Upon accession to throne, the King takes the constitutional
oath before Parliament. As Head of State, he is immune from
all liability and responsibility. He receives foreign envoys,
confers honors and medals for meritorious service, grants
special pardons and remits sentences. Money is printed or
minted in his name. On the recommendation of the Cabinet, or
sometimes of the Prime Minister, he appoints all senior
government civil servants and high officials. The King
ratifies and issues laws and regulations. He is the Supreme
Commander of the armed, Naval and air forces; he declares war,
concludes peace and signs treaties. He appoints the President
and members of the Senate (the Upper House of Parliament) and
accepts their resignations. He orders the holding of elections
for House of Representatives (the lower House of Parliament)
and inaugurates, adjourns, prorogues and dissolves the House.
The King appoints the Prime Minister. Election: All Jordanians
have the right to assume public office. Work is a right for
all Jordanians, and the State guarantees work for all
Jordanians within capacity. The State protects labor by
legislation. The employment of women and minors is regulated.
The Constitution further provides for prohibition of
compulsory labor except in certain public or by a judicial
decision.
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Legislative Authority
Jordan's present parliamentary system dates
back to 1923 and consists of an eighty member elected Lower
House and forty member Upper House. The Upper House must not
exceed half the size of the Lower House. The Lower House
initiates, debates and votes on legislation in conjunction
with the government. When a Bill has been approved by the
Lower House it is passed to the senate for debate and a vote.
If it is approved, it is passed forward to the King, who
either grants consent by Royal Decree or returns it unapproved
with justification for his refusal. A Bill becomes an act of
Parliament on being passed in both houses with a majority of
two thirds or more.
The Parliament of Jordan is the National Assembly, composed of
the Senate and the House of Representatives. The supreme
legislative authority in the Kingdom is vested in ' The
King-in-the-National-Assembly'; that is, the King and the two
Houses. The Senate is composed of forty members appointed by
the King for meritorious service or other special
qualifications. The minimum age for Senate membership is forty
years. The House of Representatives is composed of eighty
deputies, freely elected by adult male and female suffrage.
They are elected either in general election, which takes place
after the House has been dissolved , or in a by-election when
a vacancy occurs in the House. The minimum age for the House
member is thirty years. House of Representatives alone is
empowered to pass a vote of confidence or no confidence in a
Government. The chief officer of the Senate is the President,
who is appointed by the King. The chief official of the House
of Representatives is the Speaker ( President of the House of
Representatives ) who is elected by the deputies at the
beginning of each new session. The term of each House is four
years. The term of the House of Representatives can be
prolonged one year or more at the King's discretion. During
each year of their Parliamentary term, the two Houses hold one
ordinary session of four months, and as many extraordinary
session as may be necessary when invited to do by Royal
Decree. At the beginning of each ordinary session, each House
elects two standing committees and as many other committees as
necessary for the discharge of its duties. The standing
committees are the financial and the judicial, and the other
committees usually include foreign affairs, education,
agriculture, refugees, tourism, and public guidance. Each
committee elects its own chairman and rapporteur, and holds as
many meetings as the situation requires. A Bill is initiated
in the House of representatives. If there is no urgent reason
for its immediate discussion, it is referred to the
appropriate committee for study and report. After passing
through the committee stage, the bill is presented to the
House for debate and voting. After the approval of the House,
the Speaker forwards the Bill to the Senate, where it passes
through the same process as in the Lower House. When approved
by both Houses, the Bill is submitted to the King who gives
consent in a Royal Decree. The King may return the Bill
unapproved in which case it is debated again by both Houses.
Should the two Houses pass the Bill a second time by a two
thirds majority, it becomes an Act of Parliament. A Bill also
becomes an Act of Parliament if it is neither returned to
Parliament nor approved by Royal Decree within a period of six
months. Disagreement between the two Houses on any provisions
in the Bill is decided by two thirds majority vote in a joint
session of both Houses. The members of either House may
initiate Bills, ask questions and demand a general debate on
any subject if a minister's reply is seemed unsatisfactory. No
member of either House may be detained or tried during its
session, except with the express approval of the House to
which he belongs. In the event of a member's arrest while
committing a crime, the House to which he belongs must be
notified immediately. Each member of the Senate or of the
House of Representatives enjoys complete freedom of speech
within the bounds of the Constitution and the Rules of Order
of his/her House. No legal proceedings can be taken against
any member because of any vote or opinion expressed or speech
made during debates. No member can be impeached except by a
vote of a two thirds majority of his/her House.
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Executive Authority
The Prime Minister, nominated by the King,
forms the Cabinet, and he and the ministers take an oath
before the King upon assuming office. The Cabinet should
submit a statement of its program for the approval of the
House of Representatives within the month of its formation.
Neither the Prime Minister nor the ministers need to be
members of either House of Parliament. Whether they are
members or not, they have the right to address both Houses of
Parliament. The Prime Minister and the ministers are
collectively responsible to the House of Representatives for
the initiation and direction of National policy. A Vote of
Confidence in the Cabinet or in any minister can be taken by
the House of Representatives at the Request of the Prime
Minister or any ten or more members of the House. The king's
orders, written or oral, do not absolve the ministers from
liability.
The Prime Minister, nominated by the King, forms the Cabinet,
where he and the ministers take oath before the King upon
assuming office. The Cabinet should submit a statement of its
program for the approval of the House of Representatives
within one month of its formation. If the House is dissolved
or is not in session, the Speech from the Throne can be
considered a statement of the Cabinet program. Neither the
Prime Minister nor the ministers need to be members of either
House of Parliament. If any of them is a member, he does not
draw the emoluments of his membership. Whether they are
members or not they have the right to address both Houses of
Parliament. If they are members they can vote like other
members. The Prime Minister and the ministers are collectively
responsible to the House of Representatives for the initiation
and direction of nation policy. They are each responsible for
the conduct of their own respective ministries and
departments. They must attend sessions of the two Houses of
Parliament to answer questions and defend and seek approval
for Government policy and legislation. A vote of confidence in
the Cabinet or in any minister can be taken by the House of
Representatives at the request of the Prime Minister or any
ten or more members of the House. Failure to obtain the vote
of confidence by absolute majority entails the resignation of
the Cabinet or the ministers as the case may be. The King's
orders, written or oral, do not absolve the ministers from
liability. Ministers can be tried for crimes committed in the
performance of their ministerial duties before a Parliamentary
High Council composed of the President of the Senate, three
members of the Senate and the five judges of the Supreme Court
of Appeal. During trial, the minister is suspended from
office. The Cabinet meets regularly twice or three times a
week, and is sometimes presided over by the King in his
capacity as Head of State. The Prime Minister and the
ministers sign the resolutions of the Cabinet and submit them
to the King for ratification in certain cases as prescribed by
law. The proceedings and resolutions of the Cabinet are
strictly confidential, except where they are authorized by the
Prime Minister to be disclosed or to be made public in an
official communiqués. The Cabinet is the supreme executive
body which presides over and controls the Government. It does
so through ministers, vice-presidents of statutory bodies
attached to the Prime Minister and local government councils.
The Cabinet has power to form, from time to time as the need
arises, departmental committees and public or semi-public
commissions, to undertake specific inquiries or studies and
make recommendations. Committees and commissions are granted
inter-ministerial and inter-departmental powers, to enable
them to carry out their duties. The Prime Minister's Office is
the meeting place of the Cabinet. It has a permanent secretary
and staff of civil servants and advisors.
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Judicial Authority
Judges are appointed by Royal Decree in
accordance with the provisions of the law. They are
independent of both the legislature and the Executive, and
their powers are defined by law. The Courts, including the
Supreme Court of Appeal, are divided into three categories:
Civil courts, Religious Courts and Special Courts. The Civil
Courts include Courts of First Instance, Magistrates' Courts,
courts of Cessation, and courts of Appeal, and deal with civil
and criminal cases. The High Court of Justice is also one of
the Civil Courts. This is the only Court in Jordan which deals
with administrative law. The Religious Courts include the
Muslim Shari'a Courts, which deal with all manners of personal
law for Muslims, and the Religious community councils. The
Special Courts are formed in accordance with the provisions of
the law, for the trial of certain cases. They are mainly the
Military Court and the State Security Court.
Judges are appointed by Royal Decree in accordance with the
provisions of the law. They are independent of both the
Legislative and the Executive, and exercise their powers as
defined by law. The Courts including the Supreme Court of
Appeal, are divided into three categories: Civil Courts,
Religious Courts and Special Courts.
The Civil Courts:
The Civil Courts include Courts for first instance,
Magistrates' Courts, Courts of Cassation, and Courts of
Appeal, and deal with civil and criminal cases. They are open
to, and have jurisdiction over all persons in the Kingdom,
including the Government. There is no need to seek permission
before involving the Government. The High Court of Justice is
also one of the Civil Courts. This is the only Court in Jordan
which deals with administrative decisions.
The Religious Courts:
The Religious Courts include the Muslim Shari'a Courts, which
deal with all matters of personal law for Muslims, and the
Religious Community Councils, which deal with similar matters
for non-Muslims.
The Special Courts:
The Special Courts are formed in accordance with the
provisions of the law, for the trial of certain cases. They
are mainly the Military Court and the State Security Court. A
principal feature of the legal system of Jordan is the
distinction made between criminal and civil laws. The criminal
law is concerned with wrongs against the community as a whole;
criminal proceedings are initiated and conducted by the
Attorney General or Public Prosecutors. The civil law is
concerned with the rights and obligations of individual
members of the community and proceedings are instituted by the
aggrieved person. Civil cases are frequently settled privately
before or during the actual hearing. The jury system is not
used in Jordan, and actions are tried, according to the
seriousness of the case, by one judge as in the Magistrates'
Court, by two or three judges as in the Court of Cassation, or
by five judges as in the Supreme Court of Appeal.
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Language
Arabic is the official language and is
spoken by all Jordanian people. English is widely spoken
particularly at government and business levels. French and
German are spoken to some extent. The Circassian community has
managed to retain its Circassian language as well as speaking
Arabic.
Non Arabic speakers are generally daunted above all by the
script and the right-to-left flow of text. Yet the script is
in fact the easiest thing about Arabic. The alphabet contains
28 characters and there are strict rules to determine which
characters join on to which, and unlike most European
languages, there are no exceptions to these rules. The
characters change their shape according to their position
within the word but always within the same rules. Arabic is a
Semitic language with a root system. The root of an idea or
concept is represented by a simple verb, usually consisting of
three consonants. These verbs are the very basis of the Arabic
Language and all variations of meaning around the root idea
are expressed by imposing different patterns on the basic verb
root, Beyond this, there is the complication that each verb
root has up to ten additional forms, all of which change the
basic meaning. Arabic, by the very nature of its structure is
an extremely rich language capable of expressing fine shades
of meaning, and this is reflected in the wealth of Arabic
Literature, especially poetry. The Average English tabloid
reader is said to have a working vocabulary of 3000 words,
whereas the Arabic equivalent is said to have about 10,000.
There are also many interesting features of the language which
hint at the nature and attitude of the Arab mind, notably the
existence of only two tenses, perfect and imperfect :there is
no future tense. The written Arabic Language together with
Islam is one of the many unifying factors in the Arab World.
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Tradition
Of all the people of the Middle East, none
has a reputation as the Bedu, or Bedouin. Largely a nomadic
people they cling to ancient ways living by fabled codes of
hospitality and kinship. There is a sense of honour and pride
in the Bedouin's hospitality. Although village life has in
recent years changed more radically than that of the nomad, it
remains in essence the same. The older women of the village,
and sometimes the younger ones too, still make and wear the
traditional dress... a long black Thobe, with hems, yokes and
sleeves decorated with tiny embroidered stitches that form
intricate and colourful patterns. Even in the cities
traditional values have not been lost. From an early age
Jordanians are taught to be generous, warm, open and friendly,
and at the core of Jordanian society remain the ideals of
tribal unity and respect for the family. The legendary Arab
hospitality is no myth and has to be experienced to be fully
appreciated.
The word "Bedu" comes from the Arabic word
"Badawi", meaning "A dweller of the
desert". The Bedouin endure the desert and have learnt to
survive its unforgiving climate. They treat it with due
reverence, knowing that the wilderness has no respect for
fools. Today most of Jordan's Bedouin reside in the vast
wasteland that extends eastwards from the great Desert
Highway. The traditional Bedouin way of life has come about by
adopting measures that ensure survival. There are a few
societies whose existence is as harmonious as that of the
Bedouin. They walk a tight line between life and death,
balancing with tenacity and skill. They understand their
flocks of goats and camels. Forging a synoptic relationship
with them so that each depends on the other for survival. The
herds rely on their masters for protection, the masters depend
on their herds for milk, meat and skins. The constant
wandering is no aimless venture; it is a carefully planned
expedition for new pastures.
Bedouin Culture:
The clan is the centre of Bedouin Society. Each family has its
own tent, a collection of which (known as Hayy) constitutes a
gown of clan. A number of these clans make up a tribe
(Qabilah). People living in the same clan are considered to be
of the same blood. Leadership of the clan is the
responsibility of the "Sheikh", an elder to whom
matters of strife or decision are brought for adjudication. In
the Bedouin society, all men are seen equal, with elders
commanding extra respect gained through experience. The values
of Bedouin society are vested in an ancient code of honor.
This calls for total loyalty for the tribe, and to one's
position of work, in upholding the survival of the group.
There is a sense of honor and pride in Bedouin hospitality. A
powerful symbol of the Bedouin people is the distinctive
square head-cloth (Kaffiyeh), with its head-ropes (A'gal) to
hold it in place. The wealthier Bedouin, would and still do
wear A'gals woven with gold thread.
Costume:
The costume of Jordanian woman has tended to be more
elaborated than that of their counterparts possibly because
women have traditionally attended to the embroidery and the
making of clothes. Costume has always been an important
expression of identity in Jordan - a way of showing a sense of
belonging to village, tribe or group. The costumes are a
symbol of group identification and a strong reason for every
village woman to keep a high standard of work and to stay true
to her traditional patterns and designs.
Circasians:
Circasians are a non-Arab Islamic people, who originate from
the Caucasusin Russia, fled during the 19th Century following
persecution to live in other Islamic lands. Many Circasians
now live in Jordan, their groups are spread through Amman,
Jerash, Wadi-ElSeer, Sweileh, Zarqa, Azraq and other parts of
the north. Circasians brought with them traditions from the
Caucasus; weaving, basket - making and carpentry. Many of the
older Circasians in Jordan worry about the preservation of
traditional beliefs and customs that they brought from the
Caucasus. Teaching through proverbs and stories sought to give
new generations a grounding in behavior.
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Climate
The climate depends on which part of the country you
are in, as altitude ranges from 400 meters (1,312 feet) below
mean sea level at the dead sea, to 1850 meter above sea level at
the Al Shirah mountains. The climate tends to be dry during
Summer, while Winter and Spring are cooler, and during these
seasons most of the country's rainfall occurs. June to September
are the hottest months of the year where temperature rises to
about 32 deg. C. The period between December and February is
coolest. Snowfall often occurs and temperatures stay around 15
deg. C during the day. Jordan tends to be hot and dry in Summer
and cooler and wetter in Winter- January and February are the
wettest months. The most popular times to visit are Spring,
specifically March, April and May; Autumn, specifically
September, October and the first half of November: Christmas and
New Year. The monthly average temperatures in Fahrenheit and
Celsius are as follows:
|
Month |
Amman |
Aqaba |
|
|
F |
C |
F |
C |
|
JAN |
46 |
8 |
60 |
16 |
|
FEB |
48 |
9 |
62 |
17 |
|
MAR |
53 |
12 |
68 |
20 |
|
APR |
60 |
16 |
75 |
24 |
|
MAY |
69 |
21 |
82 |
28 |
|
JUN |
74 |
23 |
89 |
32 |
|
JUL |
77 |
25 |
89 |
32 |
|
AUG |
78 |
26 |
91 |
33 |
|
SEP |
74 |
23 |
86 |
30 |
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OCT |
69 |
21 |
80 |
27 |
|
NOV |
59 |
15 |
71 |
22 |
|
DEC |
50 |
10 |
62 |
17 |
Currency
The currency of Jordan is Jordanian Dinar (JD). One JD
is 1000 Fils. Coins and paper denominations are both used. The
Coin denominations are: 5 fils, 10 fils, 25 fils, 50 fils, 100
fils, 250 fils and 500 fils. The Paper denominations are: JD
1/2, JD 1, JD 5, JD 10, JD 20. The daily exchange rate is
published in the local newspapers ( at current Exchange Rate 1
JD approximately equals 1.4 US Dollars). Money can be exchanged
not only at banks, but also at hotels and currency exchange
offices. Credit cards and Travelers Checks are accepted at most
hotels, car rental companies, shops and restaurants. Major cards
accepted are : Master Card, Visa, Eurocard, American Express and
Diners Club.
Visa and Immigration
Visitors to Jordan, whether entering on
business or as tourists, require a visa. This is easily
obtained, upon entry into the country, or at Jordanian
diplomatic missions abroad. The fee for the visa, depends on
the visitor's nationality.
Time and Measures
Jordan is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
Time. Daylight saving time occurs between April and October.
Jordan operates almost entirely on the metric system, where
the gram, the meter, and the liter are the basic units. You
may come across the measurement for land : the dunum. One
dunum is equal to 1000 square meters (10,760 square feet).
Business Hours
Government offices are open from 8 AM to 2
PM every day except Fridays and National and Religious
holidays. During the month of Ramadan working hours are
usually reduced. Most of the shops open their doors between 9
and 10 AM and close before 8:30 PM. Working hours for the
private sector are usually between 9 AM and 6 PM, with one or
two hours lunch break. As for banks, they open to the public
from 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM. Some banks resume business for an
extra 2 hours in the afternoon. ATM services are available.
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